Microsoft word - lesson plan infectious diseases.doc

Infectious Diseases and the Long Term Care Facility Virus – 3 forms of it: A, B, and C Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C are all contagious. Hepatitis B and C are blood borne – can happen through infected blood or blood contaminated fluids coming into contact with skin, eyes, or mucus membranes. Hepatitis A mainly comes from infected feces. In its early stages, Hepatitis may cause flu-like symptoms, including: Fatigue, Fever Muscle aches Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) Some people may have no symptoms at all and may not even know they're infected. If Hepatitis progresses, it affects the liver causing symptoms such as: Jaundice Foul breath, bitter taste in the mouth Dark or "tea-colored" urine White, light, or "clay-colored" stools Hepatitis B The major infectious hazard for health care workers With Hepatitis B, 85% to 90% of patients recover from their illness completely within 6 months, without long-term complications. Incubation period is between 1 and 5 months Vaccine is available free, and is recommended to staff because of occupational exposure. If you decline to take vaccine, need to sign statement of refusal. If there is exposure, the facility must make a confidential medical evaluation. Hepatitis C The most common blood borne infection in the U.S. Average of 230,000 new cases per year Incubation period is 2 to 26 weeks 75% to 85% of those who are infected with Hepatitis C do not recover completely, and develop a chronic condition that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and death. 40% of liver disease is Hepatitis C related. There is no vaccine for this. Hepatitis A Incubation period is 2 to 6 weeks Rare if standard precautions are followed Mainly comes from infected feces Almost all previously healthy persons who develop Hepatitis A will completely recover from their illness in a few weeks or months without long-term complications. Once a person recovers, he can no longer pass the virus to other people. Immune globulin is given after an exposure. Vaccine available Risk and Prevention Elderly residents have a compromised immune system, and are in and out of the hospital frequently, which places them at high risk for infectious diseases. We have to protect ourselves by assuming that everyone is infected. What is the best prevention for all types of Hepatitis? The best prevention of all forms of Hepatitis is Standard Precautions. Vaccination Hand washing Gloves Following protocol for isolation Safe handling of soiled linens Safe handling of sharps and needles Influenza Annual vaccination is recommended for health care workers because they are at high risk for contracting it, and there is a high risk they will pass it to the residents who have a high mortality rate from influenza. All long term care facilities are required to give the vaccination to all residents unless they refuse. The flu shots do not guarantee that residents and staff members will not get influenza. Some strains of flu are more deadly than others, but the elderly are always affected the worst by them. Standard precautions, following isolation protocol Tuberculosis Caused by a bacteria Causes a chronic lung condition and fatigue – used to be called consumption Spread through the air by droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks Mantoux test detects infection – This is the test you were given when first employed, and then get annually. TB was decreasing until 1985, and then began to increase due to homelessness, immigration from TB prone areas, HIV cases, drug use with needles, and reduced resources for fighting it. Nursing home population has always had a higher rate, and nursing home staff is at a greater risk than others May not be showing symptoms even though infected- but can still infect other people Long course of medications to treat this Standard precautions, following isolation protocol MRSA MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. These are Staph bacteria that are resistant to almost all antibiotics. It is not a super bug, and doesn’t cause worse or more disease than other bacteria. It is multi-drug resistant, so treatment options for it are limited. Infection with MRSA is when the bacteria is multiplying in tissue and causing symptoms such as fever, respiratory symptoms, or purulent drainage. The major reservoir of MRSA in a facility is infected and infectious residents, but furniture and equipment surfaces may also be contaminated. MRSA spreads person to person, usually by the hands of staff. Standard Precautions / Hand washing Gloves, masks, and gowns depending on what sort of body substance staff would contact Cleaning resident furniture and equipment surfaces Clostridium Difficile C. difficile has become a common infection in long term care facilities. Causes diarrhea Over use of antibiotics causes normal flora to be suppressed, and that creates an ideal environment for the growth of C. difficile. It is spread by the fecal-oral route, or from contact with contaminated environmental surfaces, or from staff not washing hands. Diagnosed by stool test Residents with symptoms are more likely to be a source of contagion. Standard precautions Using gloves when any contact with feces might be possible Herpes Zoster Commonly called Shingles 15% of people get it in their lifetime, and its incidence increases with aging. Chicken Pox is caused by Herpes Zoster. Years later, after having chicken pox, lowered immunity or stress can cause reactivation of the virus along peripheral nerves. This causes a red rash in a line on one side of the body. It is very painful and itchy. Usually there is no fever. It is treated with an anti-viral agent. It is spread by contact with lesions, and in some cases is airborne. Exposure to Shingles can cause Chickenpox in a person without immunity. Exposure to Chickenpox does not cause Shingles. Only staff with immunity to Chickenpox should care for residents with shingles. Standard Precautions Roommate must be immune Scabies An infestation of the skin caused by a mite Spread by skin to skin contact or from contact with infested bedding or clothing Symptoms are intense itching, especially at night. Treat all staff and residents with symptoms. Kwell Elimite cream Wash bedding and clothing in very hot water. Mites can’t survive more than 3 days without contact with skin. Itching may last several weeks after treatment. What are ways we can prevent the spread of infectious diseases? Copyright 2011 LTCS Books Inc www.LTCSBooks.com 1-877-881-2404

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