my asthma North Kensington, London,
on to a saucer to form a cone, which was then lit at
'After each 1927-1934
the top. The pungent smoke from this spitting
I was told that I developed asthma after an
Vesuvius had to be inhaled deeply. Its beneficial
hospital visit
attack of measles when I was three years old.
effects were short lived - the inhalation provided
we went to a
One of my earliest memories is of waking up on a
some relief but was certainly not a cure. Later I
Lyons tea shop
number of occasions in the middle of the night,
shoulders up, struggling for breath, then sitting
Cigarettes, which were more convenient to use and
where I had a
on the landing stairs where there was a much
less intrusive on other members of the family. "milk and a
higher ceiling and seemingly fresher air. Often
I would guess my mother started on the trek
mum or dad would call out for me to come into
around London hospitals and clinics in search of a
dash" - nearly
their bed, which was warm and snug. This was
cure as soon as my asthma was diagnosed, but I
all milk with a
quite a perk, but I hope for my parents' sake it did
remember only the later episodes. At one time it
was thought that inhaling sea air instead of the
trace of coffee.'
polluted and sometimes thick and acrid air of
Potters Asthma Cure, a powder that was poured
London would do the trick. When I was about five
Asthma News July 2003 | 21
atomiser was just off Regent Street. In that officewas a motorised atomiser (which we now call anebuliser) and I was invited to make use of itwhenever the hand operated atomiser provedinsufficient to control an attack. So at lunchtime onsome days I would make my gasping way slowlydown Regent Street, past Mr Forte's new milk barand Hamleys, to the wonderful machine in the salesoffice. There was a spring in my step on the returnjourney and occasionally I even stopped to look atthe toys in Hamleys.
condition and gave me permission to ride up in thelift when I had an asthma attack. Many of ourclasses were held on the 4th floor and some, suchas physics and chemistry, were, I think, evenhigher. So riding in the lift was a very helpfulconcession. Indeed it was something of a perkbecause some well known people used the lift. I gotquite a thrill when I was a fellow passenger toGriffiths Jones, a popular film star of the late 1930s.
I applied myself to my studies and did quite
well. However, as I was the youngest in the form itwas decided that I might be less prone to asthmaattacks if I took an extra year. Sport was thenregarded as out of the question so my muscles andcoordination were very underdeveloped. I was a talland very weedy child and my father affectionatelyreferred to me as "Tin Ribs". The search forsolutions to my asthma continued: I rememberhaving to take soya flour, lettuce and honey in a tinfor lunch, but that didn't last for long.
'I had a special
years old I spent four months in a convalescenthome at Ventnor on the Isle of Wight. Similarly,
Weare and Minehead, Somerset, pocket for my
family holidays were taken at places like
1939-1942 atomiser fitted
Hunstanton, on the Norfolk coast, which was
My school was evacuated two days before the
reputed to be "good for asthma".
outbreak of the Second World War. One of my
in suits I had
brothers and I went to Weare and were billeted on a
made, and
sensitivity to various substances. A nil result was
farm. It was harvest time and, needless to say,
obtained. Likewise with visits to an osteopath, who
within a day or two I was in the throes of an asthma
twisted my neck on the theory that this would
attack. I was moved into the village proper to stay
alleviate my asthma. Presumably there was another
surreptitiously
with two kindly schoolteachers and within a few
theory that I needed both external and internal
days I was able to breathe normally again.
lubrication, for he also prescribed that I should weara band of cotton wool soaked in castor oil around
colleagues and
my neck, and imbibe a nightly cocktail of castor oil
and there I tried some sport by entering a team for
new friends
and port. It was not the best induction to the joys of
a high jump competition. I considered the short run
drinking in general and port wine in particular. I was
up would enable me to make the effort before the
did not know I
also taken to see a psychologist who, after giving
asthma triggers had time to notice, but I made such
had asthma.'
me several tests, pronounced me as too intelligent
a hash of the take off that I never tried again. I did,
(so my parents said) to benefit by that method.
however, get some exercise walking on Minehead'sNorth Hill, in the lovely combes accessed from
North Kensington and Regent Street,
Alcombe and over Grabbist to Dunster. 1934-1939 I had lost much schooling when I was at Oxford Bristol, Blackpool and London,
Gardens LCC infant and primary schools, due to
1942-1944
days off for asthma treatment and asthma attacks.
When I joined King's College, London, it was in its
However, by the time I started my secondary
final year of evacuation to Bristol. The heavy
education at Regent Street Polytechnic, there had
bombing of Bristol had taken place earlier. The only
been a great step forward in the treatment of
asthma related incident that I remember is when I
asthma, namely the atomiser. It came from
took beginners classes in rowing: lack of strength
Germany, and used a pumping device containing a
and breathlessness forced me to give up and
liquid called Bronchovydrin. This produced a spray
of droplets that had to be breathed into the lungs,
Sometime during the year my parents moved
producing relief in a much more socially acceptable
to Blackpool to provide a safe base for the
manner and with fewer side effects than the Potters
scattered family. While on a visit there, I sustained
a particularly paralysing and persistent attack. I
By good fortune the UK sales office for the
remember a GP coming and giving me injections of
22 | July 2003 Asthma News my asthma
Reconstructionadrenaline and morphine until I could breathe well
it as a long term condition, with preventers as
enough again. When the attack subsided it was
well as relievers. Since then I normally have
agreed by my parents and the GP that I should
have a course of Peptone injections, which
apparently were universal desensitisers. What good
morning. I measure my peak flow each night
they did me I cannot say, but at least they
and morning and adjust the number of doses
accordingly. I also have a nebuliser to increaseinhalation of my reliever on the rare occasions
When in 1943 King's College moved back to the
Strand, London, I was referred to a chest hospital
In the mid 1990s, conscious of the debt I
for treatment. This consisted of fitting me with an
owed to research into asthma, I spent two years
orthodontic device that changed the shape of my
of intense activity as chairman (and sometimes
jaw. It was explained to me that as there was
also secretary and treasurer) of the local branch
virtually no asthma among people in the Middle
of the National Asthma Campaign, raising funds
East, there might be a connection between that and
and disseminating information. I am now 78
the fact that Middle Eastern people were lantern
years old and, thanks to the application of
jawed. If I was made lanternjawed, I might be rid of
asthma research, the complaint that I have had
asthma. (I am relating here what I understood was
for 75 years is far less of a problem than it was.
said to me as a 19 year old student.) So I was fitted
Telling my story has also led me to realise how
with a plate with springs in it pressing against
much my brothers and sister were affected by
individual teeth. The net result was that there was
no discernible improvement in my asthma and I
was left with a somewhat lopsided bite. North Kensington, 1944-1947
In addition to the atomiser, the treatment for morepersistent attacks was ephedrine and belladonna. more careful
Thus when a persistent attack took place in June
1944 while I was taking the final exams of my two
precautions,
year wartime degree course, I was dosing myselfwith these compounds. Asthma was certainly not
the only reason why I failed to get my degree first
wearing a
time round I did not work hard enough but theephedrine in particular, while improving the
dust mask
breathing, also produced in me a feeling of jittery
excitement that probably affected my judgement toa considerable extent. engaged in
Meanwhile having no degree made me eligible
for call up. I was asked to report for a medical andas a result was declared unfit for military service. I
avoiding
left retaking finals a year but continued studying,
smoke from
while I researched an electronic circuit and ran aradio business to bring in some money. I got my
bonfires.' London, Chrishall, Saffron Walden, Cambridge and Harpenden, 1947-2003 From when I started work after graduation and got married, my asthma for most of the time took the form of wheezing and some shortage of breath, especially in the evenings and at night. It was easily controlled using the atomiser, which became my constant companion. But there were constant external reminders of its existence, such as a 20% reduction in pension insurance benefits and reports of scarring of my lungs due to asthma whenever I went for mass X ray. I gave up my moderate smoking of cigarettes and a pipe in the mid 1960s, and cigars about ten years later.
In 1986 I had my first serious attack of asthma in
nearly 40 years. My peak flow was found to be 150. I was sent to St Albans Hospital where I wasimmediately put on a crash course of Prednisolonesteroid tablets, and was loaned a nebuliser andventolin capsules. In a few days the attack wasunder control. This was the point at which I caughtup with advances in asthma treatment - the changefrom its treatment as an acute problem to regarding
July 2003 Asthma News | 23
Presence of Pharmaceuticals in Treated Wastewater Effluent and Surface Water Supply Systems, Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, July–September 1999 Deborah M. Moll, Ph.D.1; Elizabeth A. Frick2;Alden K. Henderson, Ph.D., M.P.H.1; Edward T. Furlong, Ph.D. 3; Michael T. Meyer, Ph.D.41Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA;2U.S. Geologic
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