Drugline is a full-text data base offering problem-oriented drug evaluation comparable to a clinical consultation. Drugline is produced by the Karolinska Drug Information Center (Karolic), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital in cooperation with the regional drug information centers in Sweden, Denmark and Finland (ULIC, Uppsala; Elinor, Umeå; LiLi, Linköping; LUPP, Gothenburg; Elis, Lund; LI, Odense and ??, Turku). The information is produced in collaboration with clinical pharmacologists and other experts within specific therapeutic areas. The answers in the database are written in Swedish or English. The database is indexed using the MeSH thesaurus in order to facilitate searches for documents in both languages. However, no tree structure is implemented and explode searches are thus not possible. If the searcher does not comprehend both Swedish and English there is a filter function for only the Swedish or English documents. Today the database consists of more than 14 000 questions and answers. All the documents added since the start 1984 are still there so check the date of the document before using it! Searching Drugline Basics A search in Drugline can be done in all fields in the database. Search terms can be combined with AND, OR and NOT (in capitals). Searches for multiword concepts are done with quotation marks i.e. "long term". If several words are written in a row with only spaces between the database makes a search with AND between each word. Filters Searches can be limited by using the filters to the left. Language. Default is all documents in the database. By selecting English or Swedish only a part of the database will be included. Filters. Limits the search to:
= All documents with the subheading ”adverse effects”
= All documents with the MeSH-term ”breast feeding”
= All documents with the MeSH-term”drug interactions”
= All documents with the subheading”pharmacokinetics”
= All documents with the MeSH-term”pregnancy”
= All documents with the subheading “therapeutic use”
Several filters could be used at once. However, a single document must entail all the chosen limits to be shown. Formats for reading and printing
The search hits are shown in a short format (question, conclusion, question date and question number) with the newest document first. For a more detailed answer press view more which gives the additional fields answer text, author and referenses. For a full answer press the title. Selection of documents for reading and printing: 1. Mark the relevant documents (the stars becomes filled) 2. The number in "Favorites" increases. 3. Click Favorites 4. Choose printing format under "Actions". 5. Choose "unstar all" under "Actions" in order to empty "Favorites". (Note! If this moment is neglected the favorites will be there the next time the database is used.) Search instructions for different types of questions NOTE! Do not use any space between the colon and the search term. A space is equal to “AND”. Question number: Both the question with this number and the documents referring to this number will be shown. Author: Write documentauthor: (NOTE! the database makes no differences between the author and the specialist co-signing) Ex 1 documentauthor:Böttiger Ex 2 documentauthor:Andersson Substances:
Write subst: followed by the correctly spelled INN-name for the substance. The search will only be performed in the substance field. A list of all correct INN-names is published by WHO. Ex 1 subst:ciclosporin Ex 2 subst:paroxetine Searches for ATC codes or therapeutic groups: Write atc: followed by an ATC-code or the beginning of an ATC-code, useful for finding all documents concerning i.e. SSRIs or anticoagulants. Can also be used for finding substances with several spellings when in doubt on which spelling is correct. Ex 1 atc:B01A Ex 2 atc:N06AB04 MeSH searches Write mesh: followed by the exact MeSH-term. Unfortunately, no explode searches can be done. All terms must therefore be searched for in the same way. NOTE! If the term consists of more than one word it needs to be within quotation marks i.e. "antidepressive agents, tricyclic" Ex 1 mesh:"liver diseases" Ex 2 mesh:"antihypertensive agents" Drug Information Centre search: Write location: followed by one of the following:
Odense Stockholm (the newest documents from Karolic)
Ex 1 location:Stockholm Ex 2 location:Umeå Language Write language: followed by english or swedish. This will give you the same search as using the filter but makes it possible to get all documents in Swedish or English. Ex 1 language:english
Ex 2 language:swedish NOTE! If one wishes to know the number of documents in the database it can be accomplished by language:english OR language:swedish Disease search: Write the name of the disease, preferable as MeSH-term. Remember that there are documents in both Swedish and English. In order to make a covering search for documents in both languages, search for the name in both languages and the MeSH-term for the disease group. Ex 1 mesh:”hematologic diseases” OR thrombocytopenia OR trombocytopeni Ex 2 mesh:”skin diseases” OR urticaria OR urtikaria Pregnancy search: Write the substance, sales name or ATC-code (substance or therapeutic group) and then use the filter "pregnancy". Or write the search AND mesh:pregnancy (all documents concerning pregnancy in Drugline have the MeSH-term "pregnancy"). Ex 1 citalopram (choose the filter "pregnancy") =>Gives all documents where the word "citalopram" is mentioned and which have the MeSH-term "pregnancy" Ex 2 subst:citalopram (choose the filter "pregnancy") => Gives all documents specifically discussing "citalopram" and which have the MeSH-term "pregnancy" Ex 3 atc:n06ab04 (choose the filter "pregnancy") =>Gives exactly the same documents as Ex 2 Ex 4 atc:n06ab (choose the filter "pregnancy")) => Gives all documents specifically discussing one or more of the SSRIs and which have the MeSH-term "pregnancy" Ex 5 atc:n06ab AND mesh:pregnancy => Gives exactly the same documents as Ex 4 NOTE! Remember that a search for the sales name will only show documents where the specific sales name has been discussed in the text. A search for a substance, on the other hand, will show all documents that have the INN-name of the substance in the substance field. Breast-feeding: Write the substance, sales name or ATC-code (substance or therapeutic group) and then use the filter "breast feeding". Or write the search AND mesh:"breast feeding" (all documents concerning breast-feeding in Drugline has the MeSH-term "breast feeding "). Ex 1 citalopram (choose the filter "breast feeding") =>Gives all documents where the word "citalopram" is mentioned and which have the MeSH-term "breast feeding" Ex 2 subst:citalopram (choose the filter " breast feeding ") => Gives all documents specifically discussing "citalopram" and which have the MeSH-term "breast feeding"
Ex 3 atc:n06ab04 (choose the filter "breast feeding") =>Gives exactly the same documents as Ex 2 Ex 4 atc:n06ab (choose the filter "breast feeding")) => Gives all documents specifically discussing one or more of the SSRIs and which have the MeSH-term "breast feeding" Ex 5 atc:n06ab AND mesh:"breast feeding"=> Gives exactly the same documents as Ex 4
Drug Interactions: Use the same principles as in the pregnancy and breast-feeding searches. Write the substance, sales name or ATC-code (substance or therapeutic group) and then use the filter "drug interactions". Or write the search AND mesh:"drug interactions" (all documents concerning drug interactions in Drugline has the MeSH-term "drug interactions"). Ex 1 citalopram AND warfarin (choose the filter "drug interactions") =>Gives all documents where the words "citalopram" and "warfarin" are mentioned combined with the MeSH-term "drug interactions" Ex 2 subst:citalopram AND subst:warfarin (choose the filter "drug interactions") => Gives all documents specifically discussing "citalopram" and "warfarin" combined with the MeSH- term "drug interactions" Ex 3 atc:n06ab04 AND atc:b01aa03 (choose the filter "drug interactions") =>Gives exactly the same documents as Ex 2 Ex 4 atc:n06ab AND atc:b01a (choose the filter "drug interactions") => Gives all documents specifically discussing SSRIs and anticoagulants combined with the MeSH-term "drug interactions" Ex 5 atc:n06ab AND atc:b01a AND mesh:"drug interactions"=> Gives exactly the same documents as Ex 4
Adverse effects: In order to get all documents concerning the adverse effects of a substance, sales name or ATC-code (substance or therapeutic group), write the search term and then use the filter "adverse effects" Ex 1 citalopram (choose the filter "adverse effects") =>Gives all documents where the word "citalopram" is mentioned combined with the subheading "adverse effects". Ex 2 subst:citalopram (choose the filter "adverse effects") => Gives all documents specifically discussing "citalopram" combined with the subheading "adverse effects". NOTE!If you do not want all documents dealing with adverse effects of a substance you have to tell which adverse effects that are of interest!
This could be done in the same way as a disease search. NOTE! Remember to collect all OR within brackets and combine the brackets with AND.
Ex 3 (subst:citalopram OR subst:paroxetine) AND (mesh:”hematologic diseases” OR thrombocytopenia OR trombocytopeni)
=> Gives all documents specifically discussing "citalopram" OR "warfarin" AND at least one of the following: documents having the MeSH-term hematologic diseases OR the word thrombocytopenia somewhere in the text OR the word trombocytopenia somewhere in the text.
NOTE! If the brackets are forgotten the search will be understood as "subst:citalopram OR (subst:paroxetine AND mesh:”hematologic diseases”) OR thrombocytopenia OR trombocytopeni " instead! Ex 4 atc:n06ab AND (mesh:”hematologic diseases” OR thrombocytopenia OR trombocytopeni)
=>Gives all documents specifically discussing at least one SSRI AND at least one of the following: documents having the MeSH-term hematologic diseases OR the word thrombocytopenia somewhere in the text OR the word trombocytopeni somewhere in the text.
NOTE! If a drug causes an adverse effect that is similar to the disease it should treat, i.e. depression caused by antidepressants or thrombosis caused by anticoagulants, the filter "adverse effects" can be used to find the documents discussing specifically "adverse effects". However, the documents found can still be discussing other adverse effects in a patient with depression treated with antidepressants. Drug Therapy In order to get all documents concerning the therapeutic use of a substance, sales name or ATC-code (substance or therapeutic group) write the search term and then use the filter "therapeutic use" Ex 1 citalopram (choose the filter "therapeutic use") =>Gives all documents where the word "citalopram" is mentioned combined with the subheading "therapeutic use". Ex 2 subst:citalopram (choose the filter "therapeutic use") => Gives all documents specifically discussing "citalopram" combined with the subheading "therapeutic use". NOTE!If you do not want all documents dealing with therapeutic use of a substance you have to tell which therapeutic use that is of interest! This could be done in the same way as a disease search. NOTE! Here to you have to remember to collect all OR within brackets and combine the brackets with AND.
Ex 3 (subst:gabapentin OR subst:pregabalin) AND (mesh:” Bipolar Disorder” OR manodepre* OR manic* OR mani*)
=> Gives all documents specifically discussing "gabapentin" OR "pregabalin" AND at least one of the following: documents having the MeSH-term "bipolar disorder" OR words beginning with "manodepre", "manic" or "mani" somewhere in the text.
Ex 4 atc:n03a (mesh:” Bipolar Disorder” OR manodepre* OR manic* OR mani*)
=> Gives all documents specifically discussing antiepileptics AND at least one of the following: documents having the MeSH-term "bipolar disorder" OR words beginning with "manodepre", "manic" or "mani" somewhere in the text.
NOTE! If the therapeutic effect can also be an adverse effect, the filter "therapeutic use" can be used to find the documents discussing specifically the therapeutic use of the drug.
Time interval: Write the first date of the interval in the format Day/Month/Year, followed by two periods (.), followed by the date in the end of the interval in the same format Day/Month/Year. Ex 1 31/12/2009.31/12/2010 For questions or comments concerning Drugline or Drugline searches please contact Annika Asplund +46 8 585 810 52 or Marine Andersson +46 8 585 810 64 or write to
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