Test 10 crit read answers

Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
Section 3
2. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (B) is correct. "Stimulation" means excitement 1. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
or arousal. If one were to insert this term into the text, Choice (B) is correct. "Daunting" means intimidating. the sentence would read "One critic asserts that "Efficient" means effective. If one were to insert these modern urban architecture causes sensory deprivation terms into the text, the sentence would read "Although because it fails to provide visual and tactile stimulation." visitors initially may find touring the city by subway to In an environment of sensory deprivation, the senses be daunting, they are pleased to discover that subways are deprived of "stimulation," or arousal. People in such are an inexpensive and efficient way to get around." an environment would have nothing to see (visual The first part of the sentence describes how the visitors feel "initially," or at first, about traveling by subway. The Choice (A) is incorrect. "Latency" is the state of being second part of the sentence describes a way in which dormant or inactive. If one were to insert this term into the visitors' views change. It is likely that visitors to a the text, the sentence would read "One critic asserts city would at first find its subways intimidating. It is also that modern urban architecture causes sensory likely that once visitors discover that subways are an deprivation because it fails to provide visual and tactile inexpensive and effective way to travel, they would be latency." Architecture is accused of failing to provide something interesting to the senses, not failing to Choice (A) is incorrect. "Wasteful" means inclined to waste, or uneconomical. "Generous" means giving. If Choice (C) is incorrect. "Complacence" means self- one were to insert these terms into the text, the satisfaction. If one were to insert this term into the text, sentence would read "Although visitors initially may find the sentence would read "One critic asserts that touring the city by subway to be wasteful, they are modern urban architecture causes sensory deprivation pleased to discover that subways are an inexpensive because it fails to provide visual and tactile and generous way to get around." It is not likely that complacence." Although people in an environment of visitors to a city would find its subways to be sensory deprivation might feel a lack of self- uneconomical, since subways are stated to be satisfaction, the environment is not necessarily the inexpensive. In addition, the word "generous" doesn't cause. Architecture is accused of failing to provide something interesting to the senses, not failing to Choice (C) is incorrect. "Extravagant" means excessive. "Prohibitive" means tending to discourage. If Choice (D) is incorrect. "Confusion" means one were to insert these terms into the text, the bewilderment or puzzlement. If one were to insert this sentence would read "Although visitors initially may find term into the text, the sentence would read "One critic touring the city by subway to be extravagant, they are asserts that modern urban architecture causes sensory pleased to discover that subways are an inexpensive deprivation because it fails to provide visual and tactile and prohibitive way to get around." It is not likely that confusion." Failing to puzzle has nothing to do with visitors to a city would find its subways to be excessive, sensory deprivation caused by architecture.
since subways are said to be inexpensive. It is also not Choice (E) is incorrect. "Extension" means something likely that visitors would be pleased by something additional. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "One critic asserts that Choice (D) is incorrect. "Convenient" means easy or modern urban architecture causes sensory deprivation suitable. "Solitary" means alone. If one were to insert because it fails to provide visual and tactile extension." these terms into the text, the sentence would read Architecture may cause sensory deprivation, but that "Although visitors initially may find touring the city by has nothing to do with its ability to provide something subway to be convenient, they are pleased to discover that subways are an inexpensive and solitary way to 3. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
get around." It is likely that visitors to a city would find its subways to be "convenient," or an easy means of Choice (D) is correct. "Careful" means showing traveling. However, since the subway is a type of public concern. "Store" means to put aside for future use. If transportation, travel by subway is, by definition, not one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Because little rain falls in the district during summer, municipalities are necessarily Choice (E) is incorrect. "Enjoyable" means pleasing or careful to store water from winter storms." In order to satisfying. "Easy" means simple or not difficult. If one have enough water during the summer, when little rain were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence falls, "municipalities," or cities and towns, must take would read "Although visitors initially may find touring advantage of water that is available during the winter. the city by subway to be enjoyable, they are pleased to After collecting water during the winter, they must show discover that subways are an inexpensive and easy concern to put it aside so it can be available during the way to get around." If visitors initially find touring by subway to be pleasing, then discovering such travel to be both inexpensive and simple doesn't reflect the Choice (A) is incorrect. "Ready" means prepared. contrast implied by the term "although." "Squander" means to waste. If one were to insert these Page 1 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
terms into the text, the sentence would read "Because achieve goals, are not simply abandoned characters." little rain falls in the district during summer, Characters who have been left behind might be municipalities are necessarily ready to squander water "engrossing," or interesting to read about, but such from winter storms." In order to have enough water characters would not necessarily be trying hard to during the summer, municipalities would have to be prepared to collect water that is available during the Choice (D) is incorrect. An "autonomous" character is winter. Wasting it wouldn't ensure sufficient water self-directing or independent. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Toni Cade Choice (B) is incorrect. "Reluctant" means hesitant or Bambara's novels are engrossing because the disinclined. "Retain" means to keep. If one were to protagonists, in striving to achieve goals, are not simply insert these terms into the text, the sentence would autonomous characters." It is unclear why "striving to read "Because little rain falls in the district during achieve goals" would show a character to be not summer, municipalities are necessarily reluctant to retain water from winter storms." If the municipalities Choice (E) is incorrect. "Redundant" means were hesitant to keep water from winter storms, it is unnecessary. If one were to insert this term into the unlikely that they would have water for use in the dry text, the sentence would read "Toni Cade Bambara's novels are engrossing because the protagonists, in Choice (C) is incorrect. "Free" means not controlled. striving to achieve goals, are not simply redundant "Absorb" means to take in something. If one were to characters." There is no logical connection between insert these terms into the text, the sentence would "redundant" characters and characters who try hard to read "Because little rain falls in the district during summer, municipalities are necessarily free to absorb 5. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
water from winter storms." Although cities and towns may be free to make choices, such as to collect water, Choice (D) is correct. "Impugned" means attacked by it doesn't make sense to speak of cities or towns words or arguments. "Repudiate" means to reject as absorbing water. The word "absorb" describes a untrue or unjust. If one were to insert these terms into physical process of taking in something (for example, the text, the sentence would read "Once his integrity had been impugned, the mayoral candidate was quick both to repudiate these attacks and to issue Choice (E) is incorrect. "Unwilling" means not willing or counterattacks." The phrase "these attacks" indicates disinclined. "Conserve" means to save. If one were to that the first missing term will have a meaning similar to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would "attacked." When one's "integrity," or honesty, is read "Because little rain falls in the district during attacked, it is reasonable to reject the attacks by summer, municipalities are necessarily unwilling to claiming them to be unjust or in error.
conserve water from winter storms." It is likely that the lack of water would make municipalities more willing to Choice (A) is incorrect. "Debunked" means to expose save water in winter, rather than making them something as false. "Buttress" means to strengthen or support. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Once his integrity had been 4. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
debunked, the mayoral candidate was quick both to Choice (A) is correct. "Passive" means inactive. If one buttress these attacks and to issue counterattacks." were to insert this term into the text, the sentence People might indeed try to "debunk" a candidate's would read "Toni Cade Bambara's novels are integrity, or expose his integrity as false. However, the engrossing because the protagonists, in striving to candidate wouldn't want to strengthen the attacks on achieve goals, are not simply passive characters." This sentence makes sense because inactive characters Choice (B) is incorrect. "Restored" means renewed or would not strive to achieve goals and would thus be brought back to an original state. "Recommence" less "engrossing," or interesting to read about.
means to begin again. If one were to insert these terms Choice (B) is incorrect. "Tangible" refers to something into the text, the sentence would read "Once his truly real, something capable of being physically integrity had been restored, the mayoral candidate was handled or grasped. If one were to insert this term into quick both to recommence these attacks and to issue the text, the sentence would read "Toni Cade counterattacks." If the candidate's integrity had just Bambara's novels are engrossing because the been "restored," then he probably would not want to protagonists, in striving to achieve goals, are not simply tangible characters." An author can create characters Choice (C) is incorrect. "Revoked" means taken back. who seem real, but it is impossible to make a character "Relinquish" means to give something up. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would Choice (C) is incorrect. "Abandoned" means left read "Once his integrity had been revoked, the mayoral behind. If one were to insert this term into the text, the candidate was quick both to relinquish these attacks sentence would read "Toni Cade Bambara's novels are and to issue counterattacks." "Integrity," or honesty, engrossing because the protagonists, in striving to can't be taken back. Also, a candidate could not Page 2 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
"relinquish," or give up, attacks made on him by Choice (A) is incorrect. Neither passage contains Choice (E) is incorrect. "Vitiated" means corrupted. anything that could be described as defensive; both "Avoid" means to stay away from something. If one discuss the Tramp in very positive, open manner.
were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence Choice (C) is incorrect. Although both passages deal would read "Once his integrity had been vitiated, the with emotions, neither is "sentimental," or overly mayoral candidate was quick both to avoid these attacks and to issue counterattacks." The candidate might try to stay away from attacks. However, a Choice (D) is incorrect. Passage 1 attempts to analyze candidate's "integrity," or honesty, could not be the "poetic and mythic power" (line 5) of the Tramp corrupted by attacks, as the sentence implies. Attacks figure, whereas Passage 2 reveals that he was created might declare a person to be dishonest, but such "simply to make people laugh" (line 23). Passage 1 should not be described as "less analytical" than Passage 2.
6. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (E) is incorrect. If anything, Passage 1 is "more Choice (A) is correct. Passage 1 makes assertions pretentious" than Passage 2. Lines such as "there is a regarding the Tramp's complex and various human good deal in his nature that most of us identify with in qualities that lines 22-25 in Passage 2 contradict. our secret selves" (lines 9-11) could certainly be Passage 2 highlights Chaplin's creative use of the described as "pretentious," or exaggerated.
figure of the Tramp to make people laugh. Laughter is never mentioned in Passage 1.
9. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (B) is incorrect. In Passage 2 Chaplin states Choice (E) is correct. Lines 4-12 of Passage 1 tell how that he wanted nothing more than to make people Chaplin enlarged the comic-strip figure of the Tramp laugh. Chaplin mentions that others have attempted to and raised the Tramp "to heights of poetic and mythic see his work as offering a social commentary, but he power." In Passage 2 Chaplin reveals his thinking about makes it clear that this was not his intention.
the character and what his purpose was in creating the character: "simply to make people laugh" (line 23).
Choice (C) is incorrect. Passage 1 states that "tramps and hoboes had long been a part of the Anglo- Choice (A) is incorrect. Passage 2 describes Chaplin's American cartoon and comic strip tradition" (lines 2-3), purpose in creating the Tramp. It does not discuss how but it does not imply that Chaplin's tramp was "derived Chaplin created the Tramp, which would involve information about the first film in which the Tramp appeared. Passage 1 discusses the appeal of the Choice (D) is incorrect. Neither passage asserts or Tramp, but it focuses more on the Tramp's qualities denies that Chaplin played other roles in his films.
than on the character's effect on audiences.
Choice (E) is incorrect. Passage 1 suggests that, on the Choice (B) is incorrect. Passage 1 does indeed show contrary, most people were moved by Chaplin's Tramp.
how Chaplin enlarged the Tramp's character, but there 7. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
is no discussion of audiences in Passage 2.
Choice (D) is correct. In Passage 2 Chaplin says the Choice (C) is incorrect. Passage 1 only briefly Tramp was solely intended to make people laugh, examines the Tramp's history before Chaplin, and whereas Passage 1 assigns a variety of characteristics Passage 2 does not analyze how the Tramp changed to the Tramp: "he is complex and many-sided" (lines 7-8). Consequently, the account of the Tramp in Choice (D) is incorrect. Although Passage 2 does discuss some of Chaplin's favorite comic figures, Choice (A) is incorrect. Neither passage is optimistic or Passage 1 merely states that Chaplin was a "silent film star" (line 1). Passage 1 does not show how Chaplin Choice (B) is incorrect. Both passages make their points clearly, and therefore neither can be labeled 10. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (B) is correct. Although Sophie now lives in an Choice (C) is incorrect. Both passages appear sincere English-speaking country, she receives most of her instruction in French, the language of Haiti. It is this Choice (E) is incorrect. Neither passage relies on lack of exposure to English that leads Sophie to hate 8. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (A) is incorrect. Although Sophie is aware of her motherʼs two jobs and long hours, she never expresses Choice (B) is correct. In Passage 1 the writing is quite resentment about her motherʼs working to send her to "laudatory," or full of praise. According to Passage 1, "Chaplin was to raise the tramp figure to heights of poetic and mythic power" (lines 4-5). Passage 2, on the Choice (C) is incorrect. No mention is made of the other hand, consists largely of quotes from Chaplin that neighborhood where the school is located.
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Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
Choice (D) is incorrect. Although Sophie says that highlighting the tentative quality of her prior claim.
“things…[in English class] take on meaning” slowly, she Choice (D) is incorrect. Joseph does not challenge does not indicate that the courses are difficult. On the Sophieʼs ability to attain her goal; rather, he underlines contrary, she suggests that she would like them to be in the tentative quality of what she has just said.
English and thus more difficult for her.
Choice (E) is incorrect. Josephʼs emphasis on the word Choice (E) is incorrect. Although we infer from her “think” calls attention to Sophieʼs tentative statement, comments about pronunciation that Sophie makes not any underestimation of her own talent.
mistakes, no mention is made of teachers or their expectations.
14. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
11. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (E) is correct. In using the tentative phrase “I suppose so,” Sophie indicates that she has not Choice (A) is correct. Sophieʼs notion that her first questioned her mother, who “says itʼs important…to words sound like "rocks falling in a stream" shows that have a doctor in the family.” Her hesitance suggests she hears the words as discrete sounds, unconnected that her mother decided she should go to medical to one another. Consequently, the comparison is used school and Sophie never really thought she could to describe the halting or choppy pace of Sophie's Choice (A) is incorrect. Sophieʼs use of the word Choice (B) is incorrect. Sophie does not feel that her “suppose” shows a lack of certainty, not a wish to words have impact. It is not until later in the passage that Sophie's words "take on meaning." Choice (B) is incorrect. Nowhere in the passage does Choice (C) is incorrect. Here Sophie is speaking not the author provide evidence that Sophie experiences French but English, a language still unfamiliar to her.
Choice (D) is incorrect. Sophie is speaking, not writing, Choice (C) is incorrect. The hesitant nature of Sophieʼs the words that sound like "rocks falling in a stream." word choice makes clear that she is not strongly Choice (E) is incorrect. The comparison to "rocks falling dedicated to the idea of becoming a doctor.
in a stream" suggests Sophieʼs hesitant and difficult Choice (D) is incorrect. Although Sophie wishes to beginning, not the strength of her commitment.
speak without an accent, she has already told Joseph 12. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (C) is correct. Because of Sophieʼs command of 15. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
English or progress in English, she is able to swiftly Choice (B) is correct. Sophie is speaking of the contrast respond to her mother. Sophie also indicates her between what she might want for herself and what she growing command of English when she says has been led to believe is good for her. If Sophie “Eventually, I began to read better.” follows what she wants, she follows her desire. If she Choice (A) is incorrect. The speed of Sophieʼs answers follows “whatʼs good for [her],” she is being practical.
is a sign of growing proficiency, not anger.
Choice (A) is incorrect. Although “what people want” Choice (B) is incorrect. Although Sophieʼs mother does can be seen as selfishness, “whatʼs good for them” “ask [her]…question[s] in English,” there is no indication cannot necessarily be seen as altruism, or devotion to that her mother is persistent or that Sophie is impatient.
Choice (D) is incorrect. All of Sophieʼs observations in Choice (C) is incorrect. Although “what people want” lines 13-24 have to do with speaking English, not can be seen as intuitive knowledge, “whatʼs good for [people]” cannot be identified as learned knowledge in Choice (E) is incorrect. There is no indication that this context. This context is not referring to a difference Sophie wants to return to her reading; she is simply between types of knowledge but a difference between answering her mother's questions in English.
motivations—the difference between motivation according to personal desire and motivation according 13. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (C) is correct. By repeating the word “think” with Choice (D) is incorrect. For Sophie “whatʼs good for emphasis, Joseph shows his incredulity, or disbelief, at [her]” may involve a sense of duty to her mother, but what she has just told him about her thoughts of nothing in the passage suggests any conflict between becoming a doctor. Consequently, the italics indicate that Joseph cannot believe how little Sophie has questioned her plans for the future.
Choice (E) is incorrect. There is no indication that either “what people want” or “whatʼs good for them” is rooted Choice (A) is incorrect. Joseph expresses no idealism in either duty to the past or future.
as he repeats the word “think,” nor does Sophie give any evidence of cynicism, or scorn.
16. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (B) is incorrect. Josephʼs repetition of Sophieʼs Choice (C) is correct. By referring to her in the third word choice is not an attempt to cheer her, nor is she in person as “Sophie” rather than in the second person as a situation to need cheering. Rather, Joseph is “you,” Joseph asks her to consider herself from a new Page 4 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
point of view, as someone autonomous whose wishes 19. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
are separate from those of her mother.
Choice (B) is correct. "Adopted" means taken. In line 1, Choice (A) is incorrect. Joseph is asking questions, not the author states, "the traditional view embraced by society is that fences are European." In this context, Choice (B) is incorrect. The narrative provides no "embraced" signifies "taken" or "adopted." evidence that the topic of choice is frightening to Choice (A) is incorrect. "Caressed" means hugged. It is Sophie or that using her name is meant to avoid not possible to hug a point of view.
Choice (C) is incorrect. "Enfolded" means enclosed. It Choice (D) is incorrect. Joseph shows that he is indeed is not possible to enclose something non-material like a concerned about Sophieʼs submissive approach by persisting in his questions and by asking her to Choice (D) is incorrect. "Included" means involved. In consider herself an independent individual, capable of line 1, the author states, "the traditional view embraced by society is that fences are European." "Included" Choice (E) is incorrect. Since he directs the question at does not mean the same thing as "embraced" in this Sophie, Joseph clearly is not pretending he does not Choice (E) is incorrect. "Encircled" means surrounded. 17. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
“Encircled” does not refer to taking in or assuming an Choice (E) is correct. Sophie says, "I had never really dared to dream on my own" instead, she had taken 20. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
cues from her mother. Sophie is clearly stating that the Choice (B) is correct. In these lines, Scott describes "problem" is that she is not sure what she wants erecting fences as "selfish and undemocratic." In because she has never thought about what she wants addition, he describes the presence of fences as something that would "narrow our own or our Choice (A) is incorrect. Although what her mother wants neighbor's views of the free graces of Nature." Clearly, is clear, Sophie is not sure what she wants, nor has she Scott believes that nature "should be available for all to ever "dared to dream on [her] own." Choice (B) is incorrect. The mother's financial sacrifices Choice (A) is incorrect. Scott writes only about are mentioned earlier in the passage but not in this inhabited areas, where people may choose to erect conversation. In addition, it is the mother who wants fences. In addition, his observations imply that nature can be graceful and abundant in areas that are Choice (C) is incorrect. Joseph has already been identified as a musician. He is not trying to get Sophie Choice (C) is incorrect. Although the passage does to join him, but to make her own decisions.
state that Scott had an impact on the design of early Choice (D) is incorrect. Sophie does not address the suburbs, lines 10-12 address only his dislike of the way length of time it would take to complete medical Choice (D) is incorrect. Although Scott does compare 18. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
the use of fences in Britain and America, he does not compare the effects of nature on the inhabitants of the Choice (B) is correct. By saying it's "okay not to have your future on a map," Joseph is urging Sophie to see her future in a less restricted way than she has Choice (E) is incorrect. In lines 10-12, Scott does not previously seen it. Josephʼs suggestions that Sophieʼs compare the presence of nature in American suburbs future does not need to be mapped and that she can “flow wherever life takes [her]” indicate his ability to 21. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (C) is correct. The author suggests that the Choice (A) is incorrect. By indicating that oneʼs future "openness and welcome" of the lawns reflect the need not be mapped out, Joseph shows himself to be attitude of the people who own them. This attitude is less tenacious, or single-minded, than Sophieʼs mother described as characteristically American.
Choice (A) is incorrect. The author calls attention to "a Choice (C) is incorrect. Nothing in Josephʼs comments gesture of openness and welcome," not to any about the flexibility of the future suggests cynicism.
"preoccupation," or concern, with appearance.
Choice (D) is incorrect. Joseph addresses only the Choice (B) is incorrect. The author does not mention ways Sophie might manage her future. He does not discuss or allude to family or heritage.
Choice (D) is incorrect. The passage makes it clear that Choice (E) is incorrect. Joseph does not suggest that British gardens are not open, welcoming, or inviting.
he dislikes commitments. He simply indicates that the Choice (E) is incorrect. The statement refers to the lawns in "virtually any American suburb," linking them in Page 5 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
a common "gesture of openness and welcome." The Choice (B) is incorrect. The author does not mention author does not mention individual homeowners or their any territorial claims. Instead; emphasis is placed on the "sacrilegious" nature of "meddl[ing] with" the 22. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (A) is correct. "Conceit" means idea. A Choice (D) is incorrect. Although landscape is referred "grandiose ideal," an ideal more elaborate than to as "somehow sacred," it is not described as necessary, is a fitting way to describe the "conceit" of "pristine," or unspoiled, and development is not tiny parcels of lawn pretending to look like "wide-open Choice (E) is incorrect. The author clearly does not see Choice (B) is incorrect. In this context "conceit" does fences as an American legacy, but rather as a British not refer to "vanity," or an overly favorable opinion of --------------------------------------------------------------------- Choice (C) is incorrect. It would be odd to speak of an "expression" of wide-open land, or to describe Section 7
maintaining wide-open land as "ingenious," or 1. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (B) is correct. "Contours" are the outlines or Choice (D) is incorrect. The passage is about an idea, shapes of curving or irregular surfaces. If one were to not a material thing. In addition, the ideal of wide-open insert this term into the text, the sentence would read land with fences is the opposite of "ornate," or "New data measuring the contours of land beneath the oceans permit accurate generalizations about the Choice (E) is incorrect. An edifice is a building, not topography of the seafloor." The missing term has a meaning similar to "topography," or the surface features 23. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
of a place or region. The "contours of land" are the outlines or shape of the land's surface.
Choice (E) is correct. In lines 41-45, the author's discussion centers on Anne Bradstreet's transformation Choice (A) is incorrect. "Models" are miniature of the traditional garden ode. Bradstreet changed the representations of something. If one were to insert this focus of the traditional garden ode by "[tearing] down term into the text, the sentence would read "New data the conventional garden wall." Removing the garden measuring the models of land beneath the oceans wall eliminates the separation between individual permit accurate generalizations about the topography gardens. This allows "the garden" in Bradstreet's work of the seafloor." The actual land beneath the oceans, to stand for the "vast American landscape." not miniature representations of the land, must be measured in order to make accurate generalizations Choice (A) is incorrect. The discussion of Bradstreet does not mention disapproval of America's rapid development.
Choice (C) is incorrect. "Remnants" are remains or things left over. If one were to insert this term into the Choice (B) is incorrect. In this passage, it is Bradstreet text, the sentence would read "New data measuring the who appears innovative ("she tore down the remnants of land beneath the oceans permit accurate conventional garden wall") as she alters the traditional generalizations about the topography of the seafloor." In this context, it does not make sense to speak of Choice (C) is incorrect. This section of the passage does not discuss Puritan religious beliefs.
Choice (D) is incorrect. A "population" is the total Choice (D) is incorrect. Bradstreet does not "promote," number of people or organisms in a given area. If one or advance, the practice of gardening in this passage. were to insert this term into the text, the sentence Further, the gardens and garden wall of Bradstreetʼs would read "New data measuring the populations of land beneath the oceans permit accurate generalizations about the topography of the seafloor." 24. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
The land beneath the oceans may have a "population" Choice (C) is correct. "Hierarchies" means a graded or of organisms, but knowing the number of these ranked series. The passage describes "set[ting] off a organisms would not assist in making generalizations garden from the surrounding countryside," thus creating about the seafloor's "topography," or surface features.
a hierarchy or ranked series. The author clearly views Choice (E) is incorrect. "Pigments" are substances the act of “set[ting] off a garden from the surrounding used for coloring. If one were to insert this term into the countryside" as both "sacrilegious" and as a misguided text, the sentence would read "New data measuring the division of "nature's sacred space." pigments of land beneath the oceans permit accurate Choice (A) is incorrect. Although setting off a garden generalizations about the topography of the seafloor." from the area around it is undesirable, this section of Colors are not among the surface features typically the passage does not present it as practical. In fact, the referred to by the term "topography." author states that it "makes no sense at all." 2. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
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Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
Choice (E) is correct. "To invite" means to encourage. the soil, and so the water freezes the land, helping to "To provoke" means to give rise to. If one were to insert create bog and tropical conditions." It is possible that these terms into the text, the sentence would read water might turn to ice atop the cold region's "Excessive secrecy tends to invite excessive curiosity permafrost, but this would not cause hot, "tropical" and thus serves to provoke the very impulses against which it guards." This sentence makes sense because Choice (B) is incorrect. "Parches" means dries out. A excessive secrecy encourages excessive curiosity. "marsh" is a patch of watery ground. If one were to Secrecy thus gives rise to "the very impulses" that the insert these terms into the text, the sentence would overly secretive seek to avoid--namely, people's desires read "In frigid regions a layer of permafrost under the soil surface prevents water from sinking deep into the Choice (A) is incorrect. "To inhibit" means to prevent. soil, and so the water parches the land, helping to "To protect" means to guard. If one were to insert these create bog and marsh conditions." A piece of land gets terms into the text, the sentence would read "Excessive very wet when water cannot sink into it. This land could secrecy tends to inhibit excessive curiosity and thus not be called "parched." Furthermore, dried out land serves to protect the very impulses against which it could not be considered a "marsh," which is a patch of guards." Excessive secrecy does not prevent excessive curiosity. In fact, it does exactly the opposite.
Choice (C) is incorrect. "Inundates" means covers with Choice (B) is incorrect. "To disguise" means to conceal water. A "desert" is an extremely dry region. If one were an identity. "To supplant" means to oust and take the to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would place of. If one were to insert these terms into the text, read "In frigid regions a layer of permafrost under the the sentence would read "Excessive secrecy tends to soil surface prevents water from sinking deep into the disguise excessive curiosity and thus serves to soil, and so the water inundates the land, helping to supplant the very impulses against which it guards." create bog and desert conditions." A piece of land gets Excessive secrecy does not conceal the identity of very wet when water cannot sink through it. This is the excessive curiosity. Neither does excessive secrecy oust and take the place of curious interest.
Choice (D) is incorrect. "Aerates" means adds air to. A Choice (C) is incorrect. "To satisfy" means to meet "jungle" is an overgrown forest. If one were to insert expectations. "To limit" means to restrict. If one were to these terms into the text, the sentence would read "In insert these terms into the text, the sentence would frigid regions a layer of permafrost under the soil read "Excessive secrecy tends to satisfy excessive surface prevents water from sinking deep into the soil, curiosity and thus serves to limit the very impulses and so the water aerates the land, helping to create against which it guards." Excessive secrecy does not bog and jungle conditions." A piece of land gets very meet the expectations of excessive curiosity, nor does it wet when water cannot sink through it. Water does not "aerate" land, or expose land to air. Furthermore, an Choice (D) is incorrect. "To compel" means to force. "To overgrown forest would probably not occur in "frigid," or deride" means to mock. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Excessive 4. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
secrecy tends to compel excessive curiosity and thus Choice (C) is correct. "Implausible" means hard to serves to deride the very impulses against which it believe. "Correct" means accurate. If one were to insert guards." Excessive secrecy may encourage excessive these words into the text, the sentence would read curiosity, but it does not force it.
"Although the bystander's account of the car accident at 3. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
first seemed implausible, the police officer was Choice (E) is correct. "Floods" means covers with surprised, on further investigation, to find that it was water. A "swamp" is a water-soaked patch of land. If correct." The word "although" signals that the first one were to insert these terms into the text, the missing term will contrast with the second missing term. sentence would read "In frigid regions a layer of The police officer would be surprised if a story that at permafrost under the soil surface prevents water from first seemed hard to believe later proved to be correct.
sinking deep into the soil, and so the water floods the Choice (A) is incorrect. "Dubious" means doubtful. land, helping to create bog and swamp conditions." The "Erroneous" means full of error. If one were to insert first missing term describes what water does when it these words into the text, the sentence would read cannot sink into soil, and the second missing term "Although the bystander's account of the car accident at describes a consequence of that situation. A piece of first seemed dubious, the police officer was surprised, land "floods" when water cannot sink into it, and this on further investigation, to find that it was erroneous." creates watery areas, or "swamps." The officer would hardly have been surprised had a Choice (A) is incorrect. "Freezes" means turns to ice. doubtful account turned out to be full of errors. The "Tropical" refers to a hot region or hot conditions. If one sentence is illogical because the contrast signaled by were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence the word "although" does not occur.
would read "In frigid regions a layer of permafrost under Choice (B) is incorrect. "Incongruous" means illogical. the soil surface prevents water from sinking deep into "Inconsistent" means contradictory. If one were to insert Page 7 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
these words into the text, the sentence would read "Repetitive" legislation would not necessarily affect the "Although the bystander's account of the car accident at first seemed incongruous, the police officer was Choice (E) is incorrect. "Rhetorical" refers to saying or surprised, on further investigation, to find that it was asking something for persuasive effect. If one were to inconsistent." The police officer would not be surprised insert this term into the text, the sentence would read if a story that at first seemed illogical later proved to be "The legislation facing Congress was so rhetorical that contradictory. The contrast signaled by the word it threatened to shatter the governing body's fragile "although" does not occur, and, as a result, the bipartisanship." Legislation that states something for effect would not necessarily suggest a threat to a Choice (D) is incorrect. "Logical" means rational or relationship between political parties.
making sense. "Pertinent" means relevant. If one were 6. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
to insert these words into the text, the sentence would read "Although the bystander's account of the car Choice (C) is correct. "Vignettes" are short, descriptive accident at first seemed logical, the police officer was literary sketches. "Vivid" means lively or intensely clear. surprised, on further investigation, to find that it was If one were to insert these terms into the text, the pertinent." The sentence does not make sense because sentence would read "In All God's Children Need there is no connection between a story being rational Traveling Shoes, author Maya Angelou uses vignettes, brief descriptive sketches, to provide a vivid view of Ghana that clearly details the land and its people." This Choice (E) is incorrect. "Probable" means likely. sentence makes sense because "vignettes" are brief "Coherent" means logical. If one were to insert these descriptive sketches, and "vivid" sketches clearly words into the text, the sentence would read "Although the bystander's account of the car accident at first seemed probable, the police officer was surprised, on Choice (A) is incorrect. "Missives" are letters. "Illusory" further investigation, to find that it was coherent." The means deceptive. If one were to insert these terms into police officer would not be surprised if a story that at the text, the sentence would read "In All God's Children first seemed likely later proved to be logical. The Need Traveling Shoes, author Maya Angelou uses sentence is illogical because the contrast signaled by missives, brief descriptive sketches, to provide an the word "although" does not occur.
illusory view of Ghana that clearly details the land and its people." A letter is not a brief descriptive sketch. 5. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Also, a deceptive view of Ghana would not clearly Choice (A) is correct. "Divisive" means creating division. If one were to insert this term into the text, the Choice (B) is incorrect. "Themes" are main ideas. sentence would read "The legislation facing Congress "Thorough" means complete. If one were to insert these was so divisive that it threatened to shatter the terms into the text, the sentence would read "In All governing body's fragile bipartisanship." The missing God's Children Need Traveling Shoes, author Maya term describes the nature of a piece of legislation that Angelou uses themes, brief descriptive sketches, to threatened to break up a relationship between two provide a thorough view of Ghana that clearly details political parties. Therefore, by definition, "divisive the land and its people." Since all books have main legislation" will tend to divide people and disrupt ideas, one does not need to specify that author Maya Choice (B) is incorrect. "Transparent" means easily Choice (D) is incorrect. "Treatises" are typically lengthy, understood. If one were to insert this term into the text, complex, and often analytical pieces of writing. the sentence would read "The legislation facing "Authentic" means real or factually correct. If one were Congress was so transparent that it threatened to to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would shatter the governing body's fragile bipartisanship." read "In All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes, Legislation that can be easily understood does not author Maya Angelou uses treatises, brief descriptive necessarily threaten a relationship between political sketches, to provide an authentic view of Ghana that clearly details the land and its people." A "treatise" is Choice (C) is incorrect. "Concordant" means harmonious or agreeing. If one were to insert this term Choice (E) is incorrect. "Abstracts" are summaries of into the text, the sentence would read "The legislation main points. "Ambiguous" means uncertain or indistinct. facing Congress was so concordant that it threatened If one were to insert these terms into the text, the to shatter the governing body's fragile bipartisanship." sentence would read "In All God's Children Need Legislation that is harmonious would not suggest a Traveling Shoes, author Maya Angelou uses abstracts, threat to a relationship between political parties.
brief descriptive sketches, to provide an ambiguous Choice (D) is incorrect. "Repetitive" means repeating view of Ghana that clearly details the land and its unnecessarily. If one were to insert this term into the people." An "ambiguous" view of Ghana would not offer text, the sentence would read "The legislation facing clear details about the country's land and people.
Congress was so repetitive that it threatened to shatter 7. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
the governing body's fragile bipartisanship." Page 8 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
Choice (D) is correct. "Tractable" means easily handled or controlled. If one were to insert this term into the text, Choice (C) is incorrect. "Consensus" mean general the sentence would read "Because an older horse is agreement. If one were to insert this term into the text, more tractable than a younger one, it is safer for a the sentence would read "The library's collection is a novice rider." The missing term refers to the quality of a consensus of Asian American historical documents, horse that will make it safe for inexperienced riders. including rare materials about race relations." The term Most likely, an older horse is easier to handle or control "consensus" does not make sense in this context than a younger horse and is therefore a good choice for because a library collection cannot be described as a a "novice," or inexperienced, rider.
Choice (A) is incorrect. "Frolicsome" means playful. If Choice (E) is incorrect. A "replication" is a copy. If one one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Because an older horse is more frolicsome would read "The library's collection is a replication of than a younger one, it is safer for a novice rider." An Asian American historical documents, including rare older horse is usually less, not more, playful than a materials about race relations." These historical younger horse. In addition, the energy of a playful documents would be originals, not copies. A horse might be unsafe for a "novice," or inexperienced, "replication" is a copy of an original, not a collection of Choice (B) is incorrect. "Cantankerous" means difficult 9. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
to deal with. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Because an older horse is Choice (B) is correct. The capitalized words are more cantankerous than a younger one, it is safer for a intended to suggest the surprising suddenness of the novice rider." A horse that is difficult to deal with might noise and convey the driver's sense of urgency in be dangerous for a "novice," or inexperienced, rider.
finding where the noise is coming from. The driver is clearly startled and "alarmed" by the blast of sound.
Choice (C) is incorrect. "Gargantuan" means extremely large. If one were to insert this term into the text, the Choice (A) is incorrect. The passage does not mention sentence would read "Because an older horse is more the driver showing anger. Rather the capitalized letters gargantuan than a younger one, it is safer for a novice indicate the driver's alarm, or concern, over the blast of rider." This would not make sense because the size of a horse is not always correlated with its age. Choice (C) is incorrect. The capitalized words relate to Furthermore, an extremely large horse would not the driver's experience of a loud, unknown sound. The necessarily be safer than a smaller horse.
driver is probably impatient to find where the sound is Choice (E) is incorrect. "Precipitate" means being hasty coming from, but "impatience" is not a strong enough and impulsive. If one were to insert this term into the feeling to be expressed in capital letters.
text, the sentence would read "Because an older horse Choice (D) is incorrect. There is no question about the is more precipitate than a younger one, it is safer for a existence of the blast of sound, so disbelief cannot novice rider." A horse that is impulsive would be extremely unsafe for a "novice," or inexperienced, rider.
Choice (E) is incorrect. The driver is not embarrassed 8. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
by the sound, but startled and worried.
Choice (D) is correct. A "trove" is a valuable collection. 10. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence Choice (D) is correct. The last sentence of the passage would read "The library's collection is a trove of Asian is "it was a chemical reaction, pure and simple, and it American historical documents, including rare materials crippled time in your mind" (lines 11-12). The logical about race relations." The missing term is characterized next step for the passage would be to provide more by the phrase that follows the comma. A library detail about this chemical reaction.
collection containing rare materials is a valuable collection.
Choice (A) is incorrect. As is suggested by the last two sentences, the subject of the passage is the nature of Choice (A) is incorrect. A "summary" is a review of the the driver's reaction. It is not trains or other loud main points of something. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "The library's collection is a summary of Asian American historical Choice (B) is incorrect. The passage does not discuss documents, including rare materials about race relations." A library collection, which consists of many Choice (C) is incorrect. Where the driver was going is diverse documents, is not a "summary." irrelevant, and the passage does not indicate that the Choice (B) is incorrect. A "fabrication" is something made up. If one were to insert this term into the text, Choice (E) is incorrect. Since the "chemical reaction" the sentence would read "The library's collection is a does not make distinctions between types of noises, it fabrication of Asian American historical documents, is unlikely that the passage would go on to discuss including rare materials about race relations." A library collection includes real historical documents and thus is Page 9 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
11. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (D) is correct. The passage's first sentence Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 calls explains Jemison's primary achievement: she "blasted Twain a "genius" and mentions his "worldwide into history as the first woman of color to go into popularity," so clearly this author would not describe space" (lines 3-4). The remainder of the passage sums Twain's humor as trivial. The author of Passage 2 calls up Jemison's background and her goals for science.
Twain "a bull in the china shop of ideas," suggesting Choice (A) is incorrect. This passage describes the achievements and goals of a particular individual who Choice (E) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does was undaunted by the obstacles before her. The appear to admire the vigor, or liveliness, of Twain's primary purpose of the passage is not to note the humor. However, the author of Passage 2 contrasts "obstacles facing women in science." Twain's humor with the "moderation" of writers like Choice (B) is incorrect. Although the passage does Aristophanes, Shakespeare, and Chaucer, suggesting indicate that Jemison is an advocate for science and that Twain's humor is the opposite of understated, or technology, this is not the passage's central focus. In addition, the passage does not explain how she 14. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
"fosters," or encourages, interest in science.
Choice (A) is correct. The term "range" is used to Choice (C) is incorrect. The idea of fame is not express the vast amount, or scope, of people throughout the world who appreciate Twain's humor.
Choice (E) is incorrect. The passage does not mention Choice (B) is incorrect. "Distance" gives the sense of how Jemison first became involved in science.
how far two points are from each other. The use of the 12. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
term "range" here is not to describe the distance between Twain and the people his humor touches, but Choice (E) is correct. The passage calls Jemison an to indicate the vast amount of different people who "advocate for science and technology" and quotes her as saying, "we need to change the image of who does science" (lines 9-10). These lines indicate that Jemison Choice (C) is incorrect. Although it could make sense to would like to "reform," or change, common perceptions say that Twain's humor "has international variation," the about who can or should participate in science.
end of the sentence suggests that the humor has a universal quality that does not depend on variations Choice (A) is incorrect. Jemison is concerned not with Choice (D) is incorrect. The reason given for the Choice (B) is incorrect. Jemison shows no interest in humor's "international range" does not suggest that the "arbitrating," or refereeing, an argument. Rather, she humor has been ranked, or judged in relation to others.
wants to expand the public's understanding of science and technology, and change common perceptions Choice (E) is incorrect. Although the author does suggest that Twain's humor could have international value, the term "range" refers to vast amount of people Choice (C) is incorrect. Jemison would no doubt make who value Twain's humor, not the value itself.
a fine mentor, but the focus of this passage is on her and her ideas about science.
15. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (D) is incorrect. Although Jemison clearly has Choice (C) is correct. The passage states that Twain's many gifts, she is not portrayed as having unusual humor is based on "a deep comprehension of human personal magnetism or as being an idealist.
nature," or a profound understanding of what it means to be human.
13. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (A) is incorrect. According to the sentence in Choice (D) is correct. The author of Passage 1 claims lines 20-23, Twain's popularity, or widespread public that Twain respects citizens from every nation and acclaim, is not the result of a tricky or adept use of describes "the universal traits of . that nation's humanity." The author of Passage 2 accuses Twain of a lack of discrimination, or good judgment and taste, Choice (B) is incorrect. In lines 20 to 21, the author saying that Twain "brings whatever time has honored denies that Twain's popularity, or widespread public down to the level of a Yankee drummer." acclaim, results from "any breadth of knowledge, or . . . depth of intellectuality." Choice (A) is incorrect. Although the author of Passage 2 does state that Twain thinks the customs of other Choice (D) is incorrect. In lines 26-27, the author claims countries are ridiculous, there is no indication that the that Twain's humor can be translated easily into other author of Passage 1 finds Twain's humor offensive.
languages, not that Twain himself was familiar with those languages.
Choice (B) is incorrect. Although the author of Passage 2 finds Twain's humor highly distasteful, the author of Choice (E) is incorrect. The author argues that Twain's Passage 1, far from viewing Twain's humor as humor is not ethnic or local, but universal.
mediocre, calls Twain "the greatest genius" that 16. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Page 10 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
Choice (B) is correct. Twain is saying that in order to "create humor independent of local conditions," or to Choice (D) is incorrect. Far from suggesting that Twain create a more universal humor, he removes the tries to seem refined, Passage 2 implies that Twain's obstacles to universal humor that local ideas present.
humor "turns whatever is beautiful or noble into a stupid Choice (A) is incorrect. To "winnow out" means to get rid of something, not to mix it with something else.
Choice (E) is incorrect. There is no indication in the Choice (C) is incorrect. Instead of placing the specific, passage that the author distinguishes between Twain's or local, in context, according to the sentence, Twain performance as a public speaker and his performance seeks to eliminate the local altogether.
Choice (D) is incorrect. Twain is speaking of removing 19. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (E) is correct. The statement in Passage 2 that Choice (E) is incorrect. By the expression "winnow out," Twain "finds every custom ridiculous that does not Twain means that he ignores local customs when they conform with the standard of the United States" hinder understanding universal truths, not that he reaps suggests that Twain is a chauvinist, one who shows an extreme preference for a particular group or place.
17. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (A) is incorrect. The negative view of Twain's Choice (B) is correct. If some cultural differences could humor, for example, calling one of Twain's works "a not be transcended, or risen above, then the author's masterpiece of vulgarity," suggests that the author of argument that looking beyond cultural differences is the Passage 2 would not describe Twain as having the basis of Twain's humor would be seriously undermined.
Choice (A) is incorrect. The discovery of a link between Choice (B) is incorrect. There is no evidence in the humor and a sense of morality would not necessarily passage that the author would describe Twain as a undermine the argument that Twain's humor is based reformer, one who wishes to correct whatever is on universal rather than local characteristics.
Choice (C) is incorrect. The combination of imagination Choice (C) is not correct. The passage suggests that and humor is precisely the way the author defines rather that being an apologist, one who defends American humor. If this were proven true, the argument someone or something, Twain uses humor to attack would be strengthened, not undermined.
and undermine "whatever is beautiful or noble." Choice (D) is incorrect. The passage quotes Twain as Choice (D) is incorrect. There is nothing in the passage saying that his experience and knowledge of particular that indicates whether the author would describe Twain localities has enabled him to find universal humor, so as a dreamer or a visionary, one whose ideas are the idea that a humorist must have such knowledge would not undermine the author's argument.
20. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (E) is incorrect. The author quotes Twain as Choice (B) is correct. According to the last sentence in agreeing that "[h]umor, like morality, has its eternal the passage, if Twain had "never cut a joke," that is, if verities," or perpetual truths. If this were proven true, Twain had not tried to be humorous, he would have the argument would be strengthened, not undermined.
achieved a "brilliant" fame as a writer.
18. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (A) is incorrect. Although the author of Passage Choice (A) is correct. Throughout all of Passage 2, the 2 criticizes Twain for his vulgarity earlier in the passage, author argues that, unlike "the true humorists," the subject of the last sentence in the passage is the Aristophanes, Shakespeare, and Chaucer, Twain effect the author believes that Twain's attempts at exhibits no sense of restraint or subtlety in his humor. According to the author, because Twain continually Choice (C) is incorrect. The last sentence in the jokes at everything, keeping nothing sacred, his humor passage indicates that the author believes that Twain lacks the subtle unexpected quality of the masters. The would have had to avoid comedy altogether in order to literary masters "laughed in moderation and with a wise purpose," while Twain cannot refrain from "grinning at Choice (D) is incorrect. There is no indication in the sentence that the author saw Twain as an amateur or a Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2, in dilettante, one who has a superficial interest in the arts.
fact, criticizes Twain for not ignoring local customs. Choice (E) is incorrect. There is no indication that the According to the author, Twain mocks any custom that author of Passage 2 thinks of Twain as likely to be a does not conform to the culture of the United States.
failure; nor is there any suggestion that Twain's own Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 audience thinks of him as insensitive.
accuses Twain of mocking all nations other than the 21. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
United States. The author does not claim that Twain confuses the standards, rather that he inappropriately Choice (B) is correct. The idea that certain subjects are thinks that the standards of all nations should conform not easily satirized, or held up to ridicule, supports the Page 11 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
argument that certain subjects should not be ridiculed. Although the author of Passage 2 is critical of Twain as As the author of Passage 2 argues, "there are certain a humorist, "anger" would be too strong a word to manifestations of genius which should be sacred even for the jester" but that modern humor, like that of Twain, Choice (B) is incorrect. Although the tone of the discussion in Passage 2 could be seen as mocking, Choice (A) is incorrect. The idea that any sort of there is no indication that the author of Passage 1 is greatness can be subjected to offensive satire is envious of Twain or other humorists.
inconsistent with the argument that certain subjects Choice (C) is incorrect. There is no indication that the author of Passage 1 feels pride with regard to the term, Choice (C) is incorrect. Whether intelligent people or that the author of Passage 2 feels embarrassment.
appreciate certain kinds of humor is irrelevant to the Choice (D) is incorrect. Though the author of Passage argument that certain subjects should not be ridiculed.
1 seems to express approval of Twain as a humorist, Choice (D) is incorrect. The reception humorists are the author of Passage 2 expresses contempt for likely to receive is irrelevant to the argument that modern humorists rather than the self-satisfaction that certain subjects should not be ridiculed.
Choice (E) is incorrect. Although the author of Passage 24. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
2 does suggest that contemporary humorists are less Choice (C) is correct. The author of Passage 2 claims insightful than past writers, this idea is irrelevant to the that Twain "finds every custom ridiculous that does not argument that certain subjects should not be ridiculed.
conform with the standard of the United States." This 22. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
suggests that Twain's ability to understand other people Choice (A) is correct. The author of Passage 1 claims and their customs is limited by his American that, in addition to showing respect for others by having "sympathized with and admired the citizens of every Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 claims nation," Twain "has made far more damaging that "The modern humorist [such as Twain] is never admissions concerning America than concerning any other nation." It is clear that Twain's sympathy and Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 respect for other nations, combined with his willingness suggests that Twain does not share any characteristics to criticize America, is evidence that he reserves, or keeps, his harshest criticism for America.
Choice (D) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does argues that Twain's humor has no wisdom at all, and imply that Twain is a great journalist, but this statement that it is largely characterized by irreverence, or is not a response to the statement about Twain's use of Choice (E) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does Choice (C) is incorrect. There is no indication in not claim that Twain is not funny, but rather that he Passage 1 that the author believes that Twain's popularity was due to his being American.
--------------------------------------------------------------------- Choice (D) is incorrect. Unlike the author of Passage 2, the author of Passage 1 suggests that Twain's humor is Section 9
not uniquely American but is based on "a deep sympathy for human relationships and human failings." 1. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (E) is incorrect. The idea that Twain is Choice (D) is correct. "Control" means to regulate. fascinated by American culture is not suggested in "Prohibit" means to prevent. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read "Seeking 23. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
to control what people view and read by determining what art and literature should be available, censorship Choice (E) is correct. In Passage 1, the term "humorist" laws directly prohibit free expression." By regulating is applied to Twain by others though Twain himself what people read and view, censorship laws do in fact claims to be unconcerned with humor. In Passage 2, the author portrays Twain the humorist as "a bull in the china shop of ideas," indicating a scornful view of Choice (A) is incorrect. "Govern" means to control. Twain's humor. The respect felt by the author of "Liberate" means to free. If one were to insert these Passage 1 is reflected in the description of Twain as a terms into the text, the sentence would read "Seeking "genius." The disdain, or contempt, of the author of to govern what people view and read by determining Passage 2 can be inferred from the negative remarks what art and literature should be available, censorship made in comparing Twain with the earlier literary laws directly liberate free expression." Although censorship laws do seek to control what people read and view, these laws do not allow people to express Choice (A) is incorrect. There is no evidence in themselves freely. In fact, they do the opposite.
Passage 1 that the author is amused by the term. Page 12 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
Choice (B) is incorrect. "Juxtapose" means to place sentence would read "Myra laughed exuberantly and side by side. "Prescribe" means to dictate. If one were embraced her friends repeatedly, so jaded was she to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would about having been selected." Given her energetic read "Seeking to juxtapose what people view and read display of emotion, it does not make sense to describe by determining what art and literature should be available, censorship laws directly prescribe free Choice (E) is incorrect. "Exacting" means severely expression." Censorship laws do not seek to demanding. If one were to insert this term into the text, "juxtapose" two things. Censorship laws also do not the sentence would read "Myra laughed exuberantly "prescribe" free expression. In fact, these laws do just and embraced her friends repeatedly, so exacting was she about having been selected." The missing term Choice (C) is incorrect. "Defer" means to put off or describes Myraʼs mood as evidenced by her actions, postpone. "Nullify" means to negate. If one were to which include laughing "exuberantly," or with high insert these terms into the text, the sentence would spirits, and hugging her friends. It does not make sense read "Seeking to defer what people view and read by to describe Myra as severely demanding.
determining what art and literature should be available, 3. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
censorship laws directly nullify free expression." Censorship laws do negate free expression and thus Choice (D) is correct. "Condemning" means expressing prevent people from viewing and reading certain things. strong disapproval. "Obvious" means evident or easily However, censorship laws do not put off or postpone understood. If one were to insert these terms into the people's viewing and reading; they block it altogether.
text, the sentence would read "It would be a waste of time for any reviewer to bother condemning a book Choice (E) is incorrect. "Balance" means to make whose utter worthlessness is obvious to even the least equal. "Promote" means to advocate. If one were to discerning reader." This sentence makes sense: a insert these terms into the text, the sentence would reviewer should not bother to disapprove of a book read "Seeking to balance what people view and read by whose "worthlessness," or poor quality, is evident to determining what art and literature should be available, even the least "discerning," or perceptive, reader.
censorship laws directly promote free expression." Censorship laws do not "balance" the type of art and Choice (A) is incorrect. "Enjoying" means having fun. literature that people view and read. Also, these laws "Doubtful" means uncertain. If one were to insert these do not advocate free expression. Instead, they terms into the text, the sentence would read "It would be a waste of time for any reviewer to bother enjoying a book whose utter worthlessness is doubtful to even the 2. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
least discerning reader." It makes little sense to advise Choice (C) is correct. "Euphoric" means full of joy. If a book reviewer not to bother having fun with a book one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence whose quality is uncertain. It is the reviewer's job to would read "Myra laughed exuberantly and embraced judge the worth or quality of the book in question.
her friends repeatedly, so euphoric was she about Choice (B) is incorrect. "Mocking" means making fun of. having been selected." The missing term describes "Figurative" means metaphorical or not literal. If one Myraʼs mood as evidenced by her actions, which were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence include laughing and hugging her friends. It makes would read "It would be a waste of time for any sense to describe Myraʼs energetic displays of reviewer to bother mocking a book whose utter worthlessness is figurative to even the least discerning Choice (A) is incorrect. "Ambivalent" means having reader." While a reviewer might make fun of a clearly contradictory feelings. If one were to insert this term worthless book, it does not make sense to say that a into the text, the sentence would read "Myra laughed book's worthlessness is "figurative." exuberantly and embraced her friends repeatedly, so Choice (C) is incorrect. "Assessing" means evaluating. ambivalent was she about having been selected." The "Welcome" means giving pleasure. If one were to insert missing term describes Myraʼs mood as evidenced by these terms into the text, the sentence would read "It her actions, which include laughing and hugging her would be a waste of time for any reviewer to bother friends. Such actions reflect pure joy, not contradictory assessing a book whose utter worthlessness is welcome to even the least discerning reader." A reader Choice (B) is incorrect. "Quizzical" means disbelieving would be unlikely to consider the worthlessness of any or questioning. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Myra laughed Choice (E) is incorrect. "Ignoring" means refusing to exuberantly and embraced her friends repeatedly, so notice. "Obnoxious" means offensive or unpleasant. If quizzical was she about having been selected." Myraʼs one were to insert these terms into the text, the energetic displays of happiness are not a reflection of sentence would read "It would be a waste of time for questioning. Nothing in the sentence indicates that any reviewer to bother ignoring a book whose utter worthlessness is obnoxious to even the least discerning Choice (D) is incorrect. "Jaded" means worn out or reader." This sentence is illogical: "ignoring" something wearied. If one were to insert this term into the text, the Page 13 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
4. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
the individual compounds alone." The missing term Choice (B) is correct. "Fanfare" means showy display. describes a combination that is "more potent," or "Momentous" means of the highest importance. If one stronger, than either of its "compounds," or parts, is were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence alone. A mixture whose combination is more powerful would read "The new policy has been called a quiet than its individual parts is "synergistic" by definition.
revolution because, though introduced without fanfare, Choice (B) is incorrect. "Naturalistic" refers to imitating it is already producing momentous changes." The nature. If one were to insert this term into the text, the correct answer builds on the idea that the policy is a sentence would read "When two chemical compounds "quiet revolution"-- something that, though understated, are combined, a naturalistic effect can be achieved: the has a great effect. A policy that lacks showy display but resulting combination can be more potent than either of produces important changes could definitely be called a the individual compounds alone." "Naturalistic" refers to something that is like or imitates nature, not something Choice (A) is incorrect. A "warning" is an alert. that is stronger than its individual parts.
"Specious" means having a false appearance. If one Choice (C) is incorrect. "Competitive" refers to the were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence enjoyment of contests or rivalry. If one were to insert would read "The new policy has been called a quiet this term into the text, the sentence would read "When revolution because, though introduced without warning, two chemical compounds are combined, a competitive it is already producing specious changes." A policy that effect can be achieved: the resulting combination can is introduced without a prior alert may or may not be be more potent than either of the individual compounds called a quiet revolution. However, "specious changes," alone." A mixture whose combination is more powerful or apparent changes that are actually not changes at than its individual parts has nothing to do with being all, would not be part of a "quiet revolution." Choice (C) is incorrect. "Concealment" means secrecy. Choice (D) is incorrect. "Retroactive" means applying to "Transient" means remaining in place for only a brief a prior period. If one were to insert this term into the time. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the text, the sentence would read "When two chemical sentence would read "The new policy has been called a compounds are combined, a retroactive effect can be quiet revolution because, though introduced without achieved: the resulting combination can be more potent concealment, it is already producing transient than either of the individual compounds alone." The fact changes." The correct answer builds on the idea that that a combination is more powerful than its individual the policy is a quiet revolution, or something that, parts has nothing to do with it being "retroactive," or though understated or restrained, has a great effect. A policy that is introduced without secrecy would probably Choice (E) is incorrect. "Neutralizing" means not be called quiet. Moreover, it does not make sense counteracting or making ineffective. If one were to to refer to changes as "transient." insert this term into the text, the sentence would read Choice (D) is incorrect. "Hesitation" means a pause due "When two chemical compounds are combined, a to uncertainty. "Ostensible" means seeming to be real. neutralizing effect can be achieved: the resulting If one were to insert these terms into the text, the combination can be more potent than either of the sentence would read "The new policy has been called a individual compounds alone." "Neutralizing" the quiet revolution because, though introduced without compounds would make them less potent rather than hesitation, it is already producing ostensible changes." While a revolutionary policy might be introduced without 6. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
"hesitation," one would not describe the changes produced by such a policy as only seeming to be real.
Choice (E) is correct. "Avant-garde" means innovative or cutting-edge. If one were to insert this term into the Choice (E) is incorrect. A "debate" is a discussion text, the sentence would read "Artists who are between two opposing sides. "Negligible" means described as avant-garde are the first to experiment extremely unimportant. If one were to insert these with new forms or concepts." The missing term is terms into the text, the sentence would read "The new defined by the final phrase "the first to experiment with policy has been called a quiet revolution because, new forms or concepts." This is precisely the definition though introduced without debate, it is already producing negligible changes." The changes produced by a policy called a quiet revolution would not be Choice (A) is incorrect. "Aesthetic" means artistic. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Artists who are described as aesthetic are 5. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
the first to experiment with new forms or concepts." An Choice (A) is correct. "Synergistic" refers to two or artistic person would not necessarily be "the first to more things working together to create something experiment with new forms or concepts." powerful. If one were to insert this term into the text, the Choice (B) is incorrect. "Partisan" means supporting a sentence would read "When two chemical compounds certain group. If one were to insert this term into the are combined, a synergistic effect can be achieved: the text, the sentence would read "Artists who are resulting combination can be more potent than either of described as partisan are the first to experiment with Page 14 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
new forms or concepts." A "partisan" person would not ways of life that exist at a biological edge are not necessarily be "the first to experiment with new forms incompatible. On the contrary, such an edge is a productive place of exchange among different groups.
Choice (C) is incorrect. "Decorous" means showing 9. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
good manners. If one were to insert this term into the Choice (C) is correct. The passage explains that edges text, the sentence would read "Artists who are "are altogether unlike the provinces, where the described as decorous are the first to experiment with surprises lie not in discovering what is odd or new but new forms or concepts." A well-mannered person would in appreciating, at last, what is routine and not necessarily be "the first to experiment with new everyday" (lines 19-21). Since surprises come about when one understands the routine aspects of life better, Choice (D) is incorrect. "Cerebral" means intellectual. If "appreciating" most nearly means "understanding one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read "Artists who are described as cerebral are Choice (A) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage the first to experiment with new forms or concepts." indicates that the provinces are in danger of being Although artists who experiment with new forms and harmed or that they require preservation.
concepts can be cerebral, they do not have to be cerebral.
Choice (B) is incorrect. While "appreciating" can mean increasing in value over time, it does not make sense to 7. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
say that the surprises of the provinces lie in increasing Choice (C) is correct. The author's central thesis – that the value of the routine and everyday. Rather, one must travel across the land in order to know the "appreciating" means understanding the value that is richness of the prairie – is meant to encourage an increased appreciation or understanding of the Great Choice (D) is incorrect. In this context, "appreciating" Plains. As the author states, "the best way to go west, means understanding the meaning or importance of therefore, is the slowest way possible" (lines 78-79).
something. It does not make sense to say that the Choice (A) is incorrect. The author's main purpose is to surprises lie in "praising" the routine and everyday.
encourage travelers to explore and better understand Choice (E) is incorrect. Although one may give thanks the prairie. The author is not writing a "narrative." for something that one appreciates, it does not make Choice (B) is incorrect. Although the author mentions sense to say that the surprises of the provinces lie in the region's earliest travelers, relating the excitement of "thanking" what is routine and everyday.
their exploration is not the main point of the passage.
10. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (D) is incorrect. In this passage, the author does Choice (A) is correct. The passage states that the not appear to be interested in whether or not the Great Plains are "arid enough to inhibit the growth of western rivers are beautiful, or whether they are less trees, except along rivers" (lines 29-30). It makes sense to say that if one only saw the Great Plains from a river, Choice (E) is incorrect. The author's purpose is not to where trees grow, one might get the mistaken make the Great Plains seem mysterious, but rather to impression that the plains are not arid.
encourage readers to know and understand the prairie Choice (B) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage indicates that the perspective of river travel would lead 8. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
one to think of the plains as less "populous," or Choice (A) is correct. The passage describes a biological edge as a place where “worlds collide, Choice (C) is incorrect. The passage indicates that "the strangers meet” (lines 13-14). A biological edge is a rivers are always running away to the sea, but the "place where communities mingle," or mix.
plains are always rising toward the mountains" (lines Choice (B) is incorrect. The opposite is actually true: in 42-44). The passage implies that river travel would lead line 13, a biological edge is a place where “worlds one to miss the fact that the plains are rising. It does collide,” not a structure or limit that keeps different not suggest that one would see the plains to be "rising more rapidly toward the mountains than they actually do." Choice (C) is incorrect. The author actually claims that a biological edge is similar to an urban environment, or Choice (D) is incorrect. The opposite is most likely true. city: "edges in the natural world are like cities in human The passage states that the Great Plains are "arid cultures" (lines 15-16). They are places were different enough to inhibit the growth of trees, except along groups are thrown together with often unexpected rivers" (lines 29-30). From the riverbanks, where trees grow, one would wrongly conclude that the plains are "fertile enough to sustain the growth of trees." Choice (D) is incorrect. A biological edge does not represent a change over time, but a situation in which Choice (E) is incorrect. The point of lines 26-32 is that different kinds and systems of life interact.
viewing the plains from the river gives one a mistaken impression. The plains are in fact "not as arid as the Choice (E) is incorrect. According to the passage, the Page 15 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
desert," so a traveler having this impression would be immediately experience the plains is to travel across correct. Lines 26-32 focus instead on travelers' mistakes: "you could no more know the Great Plains by 13. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
canoeing up the Missouri than you could see the Sonoran Desert by rafting down the Colorado." Choice (C) is correct. The passage describes the expressway as "exist[ing] in its own world, an unwalled 11. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
tunnel, and mov[ing] at its own pace." This suggests Choice (A) is correct. The author holds up the Blackfeet that the expressway is independent of its surroundings.
as “the prairieʼs most serious students” as an example Choice (A) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage of people who knew and appreciated the plains, and emphasizes the expressway as a means of escape who had little interest in the very different life on the from dullness; on the contrary, the view from the river. The fact that the Blackfeet refused to eat catfish expressway is described as being one of "unrelieved from the rivers is offered as support for the author's claim that life on the rivers is very different from life on the open prairie.
Choice (B) is incorrect. The passage does not emphasize a tunnel as something that connects points, Choice (B) is incorrect. The passage actually states the but as something that is isolated from the landscape in opposite: the Blackfeet did not use the resources of the rivers, even refusing to eat the catfish that swam there. Instead, they focused their energies on making use of Choice (D) is incorrect. The opposite is actually true. The author describes the expressway as remaining distinct and separate from the countryside through Choice (C) is incorrect. While the Blackfeet probably cared about the "ecology" of the plains, that does not explain why the author mentions them. They are used Choice (E) is incorrect. The authorʼs description of the to support the passageʼs broader claims about the very expressway as an "unwalled tunnel" does not suggest different worlds one encounters on the river and on any connection between the expressway and the Choice (D) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage 14. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
indicates that river travelers learned from the Blackfeet, Choice (B) is correct. Like the Great Plains, the county who stayed on the land and knew little of the waters.
road allows the traveler to interact with different Choice (E) is incorrect. The passage does not discuss elements of the country. The county road "moves in and the relationship between the Blackfeet and any other through the landscape" (lines 61-62). It makes sense to say that the experience of driving on this road "fosters," or encourages, a sense of the world around one.
12. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (A) is incorrect. While the author celebrates the Choice (E) is correct. According to the passage, both Great Plains and the county road for the pleasures they the interstate and the river give an "erroneous," or provide to the traveler, the passage does not argue that incorrect, impression of the land. As the author either "encourages a feeling of satisfaction with oneʼs explains, "you can drive on an interstate across the most endlessly enchanting of countrysides and encounter only an unrelieved monotony" (lines 54-56). Choice (C) is incorrect. The passage does not mention Likewise, "the river draws a line; the plains reveal a stillness or silence. Rather, the county road encourages space" (line 51). Interstates and rivers both separate the traveler to immerse himself or herself in the local the traveler from the true nature of the places they Choice (D) is incorrect. Neither the county road nor the Choice (A) is incorrect. The author does not describe Great Plains "evokes," or causes one to feel, a sense of the view from the interstate as teeming with, or full of, power and mastery over the land. On the contrary, both the unexpected, but rather as dull and monotonous.
demand that the traveler adjust to suit the landscape, changing his or her speed and route as necessary.
Choice (B) is incorrect. The author describes the river as "calling attention to itself" (line 48) and the interstate Choice (E) is incorrect. The author does not discuss "an as existing "in its own world" (line 57). In other words, intuitive awareness of the complexity of all life" in this both the interstate and the river are cut off from the land, and are thus not reflective of changes in the 15. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (D) is correct. The author presents both the cow Choice (C) is incorrect. It is not the river and highway and the wagon as examples of "obstacles," or things that are likely to involve obstructions: the interstate, for that prevent passage and force travelers to slow or example, is decribed as "broad and swift" (line 53).
stop. As the passages describes it, "A stray cow might Choice (D) is incorrect. The view from the river and cross in front of you and you will be obliged to stop to interstate is not "unobstructed," or free. On the contrary, let it pass, and so you will chance to hear the song of the passage argues that the only way to freely and the meadowlark" (lines 72-74). The key thing about these obstacles is that they give travelers the Page 16 of 17
Test 10: Critical Reading Answers
opportunity to notice the beauty that surrounds them.
illustrates the authorʼs "fund," or store, of knowledge. Choice (A) is incorrect. The passage does not discuss On the contrary, the prairie adds to and expands the the depiction of rural landscapes in American art.
Choice (B) is incorrect. The cow and wagon are not 18. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
described as dangers. Rather, they are presented as Choice (D) is correct. According to the passage, river obstacles encountered on county roads that force one travelers did not see much of the Great Plains. Cut off from the land, the world they experienced looked "not Choice (C) is incorrect. The passage makes no mention at all like the Great Plains" (line 9). The author of the authorʼs childhood or memories.
emphasizes that river travel was "not the most accurate way to see the country" (lines 5-6) because river Choice (E) is incorrect. While the cow and wagon may travelers saw little of the Great Plains' celebrated be symbols of the countryside, the passage is not concerned with an "agrarian ideal," or dream of a life of farming, that may have attracted settlers.
Choice (A) is incorrect. The passage does not discuss whether or not river travel was dangerous.
16. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Choice (B) is incorrect. The passage does not include Choice (E) is correct. The passages states that "the any information on disputes, or fights, between best way to go west, therefore, is the slowest way travelers on the river and residents of the Northwest possible and across country rather than along the rivers" (lines 78-79). This advice assumes that a traveler actually wants to spend time in the countryside.
Choice (C) is incorrect. The author does not desribe river travel as "inefficient," or something that wastes Choice (A) is incorrect. The authorʼs opinion that it is time. On the contrary, the passage states that traveling best to travel slowly across the Great Plains assumes by the river was "the easiest but not the most accurate that one is unfamiliar with the area and interested in way to see the country" (lines 5-6).
Choice (E) is incorrect. The passage does not address Choice (B) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage which westward route offered the safest passage to the suggests that enjoyment of the countryside is coast. Rather, it contrasts what one learns about the necessarily related to a dislike of cities.
prairie from river travel with what one learns about the Choice (C) is incorrect. The passage actually urges the traveler to avoid "both the old watery rivers and the new 19. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
ones of asphalt and cast concrete" (lines 80-81).
Choice (D) is correct. In the passage, the author Choice (D) is incorrect. The author encourages compares the information travelers gather about the westward travelers to go slowly through the prairies so country on different western routes, ultimately that they may enjoy and appreciate the countryside. concluding that only by going on slow county roads can Nothing in the passage mentions the study of different one really learn about the Great Plains. As the last sentence of the passage points out, "the best way to go 17. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
west, therefore, is the slowest way possible and across country rather than along the rivers" (lines 78-79).
Choice (B) is correct. In the final sentence of the passage, the author states, "the best way to go west, Choice (A) is incorrect. The passage mentions several therefore, is the slowest way possible." The author river routes but does not single any out as being the suggests that the slowest way across the Great Plains is the best way because it provides the greatest Choice (B) is incorrect. Although the author encourages travelers to take the time to learn about and appreciate Choice (A) is incorrect. The passage does not describe the prairie, the passage does not discuss which Great county roads as "safe and easy," but rather as slow Plains ecosystems visitors find most exciting.
trails that require the traveler to adjust his or her Choice (C) is incorrect. Although the passage mentions schedule to the shape and rhythm of the landscape.
the experience of earlier explorers on the western Choice (C) is incorrect. The opposite is actually true: far rivers, it does not make broad claims about what these from being convenient, the land route is described as slow and roundabout, requiring that the traveler adapt Choice (E) is incorrect. While the passage includes to the plains and to obstacles on the road.
descriptions of the countryside, it does so to compare Choice (D) is incorrect. Given that the earliest explorers different ways of traveling across the prairie, not to traveled west by river, it is likely that the water routes, "identify the best scenery." The author states that one rather than the overland routes, have the most gets an inaccurate impression of the prairie by traveling historical significance. Further, there is no discussion of along a river, but the passage does not claim that river the historical significance of the Great Plains.
scenery is better or worse than other scenery.
Choice (E) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage indicates that traveling overland is best because it Page 17 of 17

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